Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeoylquinic Acids from Artemisia princeps?Pampanini against Oxidative Stress-Induced Toxicity in PC-12 Cells

Abstract

   Phenolics in dry Artemisia princeps?Pampanini, an herbal plant traditionally consumed as food ingredients in Korea was extracted, fractionated, and quantified as well as evaluated for its neuroprotection for PC-12 cells. Whole extract had 5,852 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g of total phenolics and 6,274 mg and 9,698 mg vitamin C equivalents/100 g of antioxidant capacities assayed by DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. The fraction extracted with?n-butanol had the highest levels of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity than the other fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water). Using a reversed-phase HPLC system, caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and its derivatives such as 3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA, 1,5-diCQA, 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, and 4,5-diCQA were isolated and quantified. The whole extract and its?n-butanol fraction yielded 3,5-diCQA with the highest amount, which consisted of approximately 36.8% and 33.5%, respectively. The whole extract, the?n-butanol fraction, and 3,5-diCQA showed neuroprotective effect on PC-12 cells under the insult of amyloid ? peptide in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments of the whole extract and the?n-butanol fraction for PC-12 cells under oxidative stress increased approximately 1.6 and 2.4 times higher cell viability, compared with the control without treatments. For PC-12 cells treated with 3,5-diCQA, intracellular oxidative stress decreased by 51.3% and cell viability increased

3-CQA (neochlorogenic acid), 4-CQA (cryptochlorogenic acid), 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(1,5-diCQA), 3,4-diCQA (isochlorogenic acid B), 3,5-diCQA (isochlorogenic acid A), and 4,5-diCQA(isochlorogenic acid C) were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd.